Data for submissions, manuscripts sent to peer review, and peer reviewers are from 18 April 2016, when we opened for submissions, until 17 April 2017. Data for published papers are for our first 12 issues, regardless of the date of publication of the individual paper.

Corresponding authors of non-research content (Comment, News & Views, Q&As, Perspectives, Reviews, Correspondence, Books & Arts) by gender. Gender assigned by the editor by name recognition or internet search. All authors were assigned a gender. Articles with more than one corresponding author were given a proportional score. n=130. 83 male, 47 female.

Corresponding authors of non-research content (Comment, News & Views, Q&As, Perspectives, Reviews, Correspondence, Books & Arts) by country of the institutional address of the corresponding author(s). Articles with more than one address per author and/or more than one corresponding author were given a proportional score. n=132.

Europe

Sweden 7.5

Germany 7.33

UK 25.67

Ireland 1

Switzerland 3

Poland 0.5

Denmark 1.75

France 3.125

Austria 0.5

Spain 3.5

Belgium 1

Netherlands 0.5

Hungary 1

Portugal 0.25

North America

Mexico 1

Canada 6.5

USA 36.75

Central & South America

Brazil 4

Asia

Japan 1

Israel 1.5

Indonesia 0.5

China 2.25

Australia/NZ

Australia 14.67

New Zealand 2.25

Africa

Botswana 0.5

South Africa 2.25

Kenya 0.125

Reviewers of research manuscripts by country of primary address information. n=1076. Duplicates removed manually, so the process was imperfect. Duplicates were removed because the vast majority are the same person reviewing different versions of the same manuscript, rather than one person reviewing more than one manuscript.

Argentina 2

Australia 79

Austria 7

Belgium 8

Belize 1

Brazil 4

Canada 58

Chile 2

China 8

Czech Republic 1

Denmark 17

Finalnd 9

France 46

Germany 51

Hungary 2

Ireland 5

Israel 7

Italy 10

Japan 5

Kenya 1

Korea 1

Mexico 2

Netherlands 20

New Zelanad 8

Norway 10

Panama 1

Portugal 2

Singapore 2

South Africa 6

Spain 18

Sweden 32

Switzerland 32

UK 171

USA 448

Reviewers of research manuscripts by gender. n=1008. Gender was assigned by name recognition by the editor. 63 reviewers were excluded as gender could not be easily assigned. Duplicates removed manually, so the process was imperfect. Duplicates were removed because the vast majority are the same person reviewing different versions of the same manuscript, rather than one person reviewing more than one manuscript. Female=262, male=746.

Corresponding authors of research content (Articles, Brief Communications, Analyses) by gender. Gender assigned by the editor by name recognition or internet search. All authors were assigned a gender. Articles with more than one corresponding author were given a proportional score. n=195. 143 male, 52 female.

Corresponding authors of research content (Articles, Brief Communications, Analyses) by country of the institutional address of the corresponding author(s). Articles with more than one address per author and/or more than one corresponding author were given a proportional score. n=132.

Europe

UK 34

Germany 17.33

France 8.67

Spain 6

Sweden 5.75

Switzerland 4.5

Denmark 2

Norway 2.25

Russia 1

Ireland 0.33

Italy 3.5

Portugal 0.5

Hungary 1.25

Belgium 0.5

Greece 1

Austria 0.75

Netherlands 1.5

North America

USA 59.25

Canad 13

Australia/NZ

Australia 11

New Zealand 1.33

Asia

China 6

Japan 6.25

Israel 3.25

Taiwan 0.25

Malaysia 0.33

India 0.25

Africa

South Africa 0.5

Zambia 0.33

Central and South America

Panama 0.75

Chile 1

Brazil 0.5

Argentina 1

Manuscripts sent to peer review 18 April 2016 to 17 April 2017 = 623. Of these, 201 were re-submissions. Of the 422 primary submissions, gender of corresponding author could be determined by name recognition for 383. Of these 280 had male corresponding authors and 103 female. Of the 421 for which a country of main address of corresponding author was determined, 198 were from Europe, 145 from North America, 4 from Central and South America, 37 from Asia and 37 from Australia and New Zealand. These data were not recorded at individual country level.

For submitted manuscripts 18/4/16-17/4/17, gender of corresponding author was assigned by name recognition by the editor. 891 of 1185 manuscripts could be assigned to a gender. Of these, 217 were female and 674 were male.

For submitted manuscripts in the same period, this is the geographic breakdown. n=1304, plus 81 unknown (includes all types of manuscript, not only research).

Argentina 3

Australia 95

Austria 12

Bahamas 1

Bangladesh 2

Belgium 6

Bolivia 1

Brazil 13

Canada 52

Chile 4

China 116

Colombia 1

Czech Republic 1

Denmark 15

Egypt 1

Estonia 2

Ethiopia 1

Finland 4

France 48

French Guinea 1

French Polynesia 1

Germany 72

Greece 1

Greenland 1

Hong Kong 5

Hungary 3

Iceland 2

India 23

Iran 2

Israel 21

Italy 19

Japan 77

Kenya 2

Korea 3

Mauritius 1

Mexico 6

Morocco 1

Netherlands 17

New Zealand 16

Norway 17

Peru 1

Poland 5

Puerto Rico 1

Russia 7

Saudi Arabia 2

Singapore 5

Slovenia 1

South Africa 11

Spain 31

Sweden 30

Switzerland 34

Taiwai 5

Turkey 2

Ireland 3

Nigeria 2

Portugal 7

UK 151

USA 334

Venezuela 2

Vietnam 1